In contrast, PCPA pretreatment did not interfere with the ability of desipramine to reduce immobility and increase climbing behavior. Pretreatment with PCPA blocked fluoxetine-induced reduction in immobility and increase in swimming behavior during the FST. Behavioral responses, including immobility, swimming and climbing, were counted during the 5-min test. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, SC) or desipramine (10 mg/kg, SC) was given three times over a 24-h period prior to the FST. Endogenous serotonin was depleted by administering para-cholorophenylalanine (PCPA, 150 mg/kg, IP.) to rats 72 h and 48 h prior to the swim test. The present study examined the role of serotonin in mediating active behaviors in the forced swimming test after treatment with two antidepressant drugs, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine and the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, desipramine. Distinct patterns of active behaviors in the FST may be mediated by distinct neurotransmitters, but this has not been shown directly. Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors increase swimming behavior, while drugs acting primarily to increase extracellular levels of norepinephrine or dopamine increase climbing behavior. ![]() Although all antidepressant drugs reduce immobility in the FST, at least two distinct active behavioral patterns are produced by pharmacologically selective antidepressant drugs. Recently, a behavior sampling technique was developed that scores individual response categories, including swimming, climbing and immobility. The forced swimming test ( FST) is a behavioral test in rodents that predicts the clinical efficacy of many types of antidepressant treatments. Page, M E Detke, M J Dalvi, A Kirby, L G Lucki, I Serotonergic mediation of the effects of fluoxetine, but not desipramine, in the rat forced swimming test. Consideration of these factors in planning experiments may result in more consistent FST results. These include biological factors, such as strain, age, body weight, gender and individual differences between animals influence of preconditioning before the FST: handling, social isolation or enriched environment, food manipulations, various kinds of stress, endocrine manipulations and surgery schedule and routes of treatment, dosage and type of the drugs as well as experimental design and laboratory environmental effects. ![]() The previously published literature is analyzed for factors which are known to influence animal behavior in the FST. While most recent reviews have focused on antidepressant effects observed with the FST, this one considers the methodological aspects of the procedure, aiming to summarize issues beyond antidepressant action in the FST. In spite of several methodological papers and reviews published on the FST, the need still exists for clarification of factors which can influence the procedure. Despite the simplicity and sensitivity of the FST procedure, important differences even in baseline immobility rates have been reported between different groups, which complicate the comparison of results across studies. ![]() It is also one of the most commonly used tests to assess depressive-like behavior in animal models. The FST is now widely used in basic research and the pharmaceutical screening of potential antidepressant treatments. A modified version of the FST added the classification of active behaviors into swimming and climbing, in order to facilitate the differentiation between serotonergic and noradrenergic classes of antidepressant drugs. The forced swim test ( FST) is a behavioral test in rodents which was developed in 1978 by Porsolt and colleagues as a model for predicting the clinical efficacy of antidepressant drugs. Factors influencing behavior in the forced swim testīogdanova, Olena V.
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